孟考拉金字塔- 景点攻略
Pyramid of Menkaure
历史文化
埃及
5 评论
建议游玩时长: 4 小时

探秘吉萨高地的红花岗岩奇迹:孟考拉金字塔深度游玩全攻略

孟考拉金字塔(Pyramid of Menkaure)海拔约 61 米,是吉萨三大金字塔中体量最小的一座,却拥有独树一帜的建筑美感。它建于公元前 2510 年左右,是古埃及第四王朝法老孟考拉的陵墓。2025 年吉萨景区大通票价格为 700 埃及镑,进入孟考拉金字塔内部需另付 280 埃及镑。相比胡夫金字塔的拥挤,这里更适合想要安静体验古埃及墓室氛围的游客。

孟考拉金字塔的历史厚度与建筑美学

第四王朝的余晖

孟考拉是胡夫的孙子、卡夫拉的儿子。虽然这座金字塔的高度只有胡夫金字塔的一半左右,但它在材料选择上极为考究。当时的王权财力或许不如巅峰时期,但孟考拉显然更追求建筑的质感而非单纯的体积。他在位约 18 到 22 年,去世时工程尚未完全竣工。这导致金字塔底部的花岗岩包壳保留了部分粗糙的原始状态,意外为后世考古学家留下了研究古埃及石材加工工艺的珍贵现场。如果你走近观察,会发现那些石块巨大的缝隙和未磨平的棱角,那是历史在匆忙间按下的暂停键。

阿斯旺红花岗岩的独特质感

这座金字塔最显著的标志是它底部的十六层包壳。这些重达数吨的红色花岗岩全部从 800 公里外的阿斯旺(Aswan)通过尼罗河水运而来。这种材料比普通的图拉石灰岩硬得多,加工难度极大。在夕阳斜射时,这些暗红色的石块会散发出一种沉稳且带有金属感的色泽,与周围金黄色的沙漠形成强烈对比。很多摄影爱好者更偏爱在这里取景,因为花岗岩的纹理在微距视角下非常出片,那种粗旷的原始力量感是其他两座金字塔难以比拟的。

那个显眼的垂直缺口:一段被中断的拆除史

十二世纪的强拆遗迹

在金字塔北侧有一个非常突兀的垂直大裂缝,这可不是自然损毁。公元 1196 年,萨拉丁的儿子、当时的苏丹阿齐兹·奥斯曼(Al-Aziz Uthman)决定拆除吉萨金字塔群,并把孟考拉金字塔选为首个目标。他派了大批工人在现场忙活了八个月,结果发现这些石头实在太重太沉,每天顶多只能撬下一两块。拆除成本远超预期,最终苏丹不得不放弃了这个劳民伤财的念头。这个缺口现在成了景点的特色之一,它赤裸裸地展示了金字塔内部紧密的堆砌结构,也侧面证明了四千多年前古埃及工程质量的强悍。

内部墓室的寂静探索

说实话,如果你害怕胡夫金字塔里那种令人窒息的狭窄和闷热,孟考拉金字塔的内部体验要友好得多。它的通道同样需要弯腰通过,但因为游客稀少,你不用在陡峭的斜坡上和别人侧身相让。内部的墓室由精美的花岗岩砌成,天花板呈半圆形拱顶形状,这在古王国时期的建筑中并不多见。这里没有任何文字雕刻或壁画,只有石块本身散发的肃穆气息。这种极致的简约反而能让人静下心来,感受那种跨越千年的静止感。站在空荡荡的墓室中心,你会听到自己沉重的呼吸声,那种孤独的震撼力是任何大流量景点都给不了的。

2025 游玩指南与最新票价交通

新入口与免费摆渡车

从 2025 年 4 月起,吉萨景区全面启用了位于西南侧的新游客中心大门。以前那个靠近万豪酒店的老入口已经关闭,所有打车或自驾的游客都必须定位到「Giza Pyramids New Entrance」。进入景区后建议直接搭乘官方提供的红线摆渡车。目前这个摆渡车是免费的,大约每 5 到 10 分钟一班。它会依次停靠全景台、孟考拉金字塔、卡夫拉金字塔和狮身人面像。对于体力有限的朋友来说,坐车直接到孟考拉站下车,能节省至少 20 分钟的沙漠徒步路程。记得带上 Visa 信用卡,现在景区售票处已经不收现金了。

避开人流的摄影秘籍

想要拍到没有路人甲的大片,最好的办法是早上 7 点准时入园。大多数旅行团会先冲向最大的胡夫金字塔,这时候你反向操作,直接坐摆渡车到最远端的孟考拉金字塔。清晨的光线非常柔和,你可以独享金字塔下的空旷。另外一个绝佳机位是往西南方向走一小段距离的山丘,那里能拍到九座金字塔(包含附属的小金字塔)同框的效果。清晨的沙漠风很大,建议多带一件防风外套。如果你遇到主动要帮你拍照或者提供“免费服务”的当地人,笑笑走开就好,不要接话,以免后续产生不必要的小费纠纷。

常见问题

孟考拉金字塔内部门票是多少?

2025 年进入孟考拉金字塔内部的票价是 280 埃及镑,但这不含 700 埃及镑的景区大门票。学生凭有效的 ISIC 国际学生证可以享受半价优惠,所有票务必须在游客中心刷卡购买。

为什么孟考拉金字塔比另外两座小那么多?

主流考古学观点认为这与当时的经济状况和建筑策略转型有关,孟考拉法老更注重建筑材料的质量,如使用了昂贵的阿斯旺红花岗岩。虽然底边长约 103 米,体量仅为胡夫金字塔的十分之一,但其内部工艺依然处于古王国时期的巅峰水平。

金字塔里的石棺现在去哪里了?

法老孟考拉的玄武岩石棺在 1838 年被运往英国。不幸的是,运送它的「比阿特丽斯号」(Beatrice)商船在地中海遭遇风暴沉没,石棺至今仍沉睡在卡塔赫纳附近的深海中。现在进入金字塔内部,你只能看到空的墓室基坑。

参观时有什么必须带的装备吗?

由于孟考拉金字塔附近遮挡物极少,防晒霜、宽檐帽和至少 1.5 升的饮用水是生存必备。景区内的补给点距离较远且价格昂贵,建议在开罗市区买好补给。另外,内部通道空气流通性差,如果患有严重幽闭恐惧症或心脏问题,建议在外部欣赏其宏伟外观即可。

孟考拉金字塔 用户评价

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Md Mohsen Uddin
    5
    评论于 2024-08-18

    Nice place tricate only pay cards use

  • attractions-reviews-avatar P Moosavinezhad
    5
    评论于 2024-06-30

    The pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three main pyramids of the Giza pyramid complex, located on the Giza Plateau in the southwestern outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It is thought to have been built to serve as the tomb of the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure. Menkaure's pyramid had an original height of 65.5 meters (215 ft), and was the smallest of the three major pyramids at the Giza Necropolis. It now stands at 61 m (200 ft) tall with a base of 108.5 m (356 ft). Its angle of incline is approximately 51°20′25″. It was constructed of limestone and Aswan granite. The first sixteen courses of the exterior were made of the red granite. The upper portion was cased in the normal manner with Tura limestone. Part of the granite was left in the rough. Incomplete projects such as this pyramid help archaeologists understand the methods used to build pyramids and temples. The descending passage to lower burial chamber is in the 'large apartment' floor, probably original hidden by floor blocks. It is theorised that originally the pyramid was planned to be smaller. The blind alley being the originally planned entrance passage. In the mortuary temple, the foundations and the inner core were made of limestone. The floors were begun with granite and granite facings were added to some of the walls. The foundations of the valley temple were made of stone. Both temples were finished with crude bricks. Reisner estimated that some of the blocks of local stone in the walls of the mortuary temple weighed as much as 220 tons. The heaviest granite ashlars imported from Aswan weighed more than 30 tons. It is assumed that Menkaure's successor Shepseskaf completed the temple construction. An inscription was found in the mortuary temple that said he "made it (the temple) as his monument for his father, the king of upper and lower Egypt." Subsequent architectural additions and two stelae from the Sixth Dynasty suggest that a cult for the Pharaoh was maintained, or was periodically renewed, for two centuries after his death.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Asl Explorer
    5
    评论于 2024-04-29

    This is the smallest pyramid in the three pyramids. Rather spending a lot of money to see inside the pyramids of the huge one. You can check this out. 250 is the amount I spent. You have to walk a little to reach it. But you get a beautiful view inside. If you are a history geek you would love it. What will I see? You will be walking into a narrow path and reaching a place from there you will find the tomb. It's an empty room. You won't find the tomb, it's taken to the museum. It's just an empty room. But if you are curious, go ahead. It's best to go inside because you came all the way to see pyramids, it's best to go inside atleast one of the pyramids.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar harun raşit aydoğdu
    5
    评论于 2023-11-14

    It is spectacular area. Absolutely amazing. You have to behold another side of pyramid and leave from that zone. When we arrived there we could not have believed view of back side pyramids. We went to there by horse cars. Ways were dusty and half of way was soil, first half way you feel comfortable because way is cemently.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar S Hetherington
    5
    评论于 2023-02-04

    Visited 8 October 2022. The Giza Plateau is included in the Cairo Pass. The third and smallest of the pyramids. It is the furthest away from the main entrance and therefore does receive less foot traffic. Head to this pyramid if you don't want throngs of tourists and scamming hawkers with their camels and horses. It is about a twenty minute walk from the main entrance. Unfortunately the day we visited the Pyramid was closed so we could not enter. There are good vistas of the bigger pyramids from the funerary Temple in front as well as great views of the three smaller Queens pyramids. Note the casing stones around the perimeter of the pyramid at ground level.

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