卡夫拉金字塔(Pyramid of Khafre)位于埃及吉萨高地中心,是古埃及第四王朝法老卡夫拉于公元前约2570年建造的陵墓。作为埃及第二大金字塔,它目前的实际高度约为136.4米,虽然物理高度比旁边的胡夫金字塔(Great Pyramid of Khufu)略矮几米,但因为它坐落在高出海平面约10米的天然基岩平台上,视觉上反而显得更加雄伟。对于想要避开胡夫金字塔汹涌人潮、寻找更高性价比入内体验的游客来说,卡夫拉金字塔通常是更明智的选择。
很多人在吉萨高原拍照时,会误把中间那座金字塔当成最大的胡夫金字塔。其实中间这座正是卡夫拉金字塔,它利用地形优势巧妙地完成了视觉上的“超车”。
卡夫拉金字塔的坡度约为53°13′,比胡夫金字塔的51°50′更为陡峭。这种设计配合它所处的地势,让它在任何远眺的角度都显得挺拔。早期的探险者甚至因为这种视觉误差,将其误认为大金字塔。从全景台(Panorama Point)看过去,卡夫拉金字塔稳居画面正中,是名副其实的视觉中心。
走近卡夫拉金字塔,抬头看顶端,你会发现它保留了一圈光滑细腻的白色石灰岩。这是最初覆盖在整座金字塔表面的图拉(Tura)石灰岩外壳。几千年来,底部和中部的外层石块大多被剥离去建造开罗的清真寺和宫殿,唯独顶部的这一小部分幸存下来。这顶“白帽子”不仅是辨认卡夫拉金字塔的标志,也让我们能窥见4500多年前金字塔在烈日下闪耀如银的原始模样。
如果胡夫金字塔内部的票价让你望而却步,或者你担心大回廊的幽闭感太强,卡夫拉金字塔的内部体验绝对能平衡好奇心与舒适度。
卡夫拉金字塔拥有两个入口,目前游客通常从位于北侧、高于地面约11米的通道进入。相比于胡夫金字塔那条需要全程弯腰、几乎要爬行的狭窄通道,卡夫拉金字塔内部的下降通道稍宽一些。钻过这条通道后,会进入一段水平走廊,最终通向主墓室。墓室虽然没有华丽的壁画,但安放着一具巨大的黑色花岗岩石棺。1818年意大利探险家贝尔佐尼(Giovanni Belzoni)进入这里时,曾在墙上留下了他的名字,至今清晰可见。
这里的地道体验大约需要15到20分钟。虽然空气依旧闷热且带有淡淡的陈旧石块味,但比起大金字塔那种“人挤人”的窒息感要好得多。建议在清晨8点刚开门或下午3点后进入,这时候不仅避开了大型旅行团,墓室里的温度也会稍低一点。身体素质一般的游客基本都能胜任,但若患有严重的幽闭恐惧症或腰椎疾病,建议留在外面欣赏建筑外观。
卡夫拉金字塔不仅是一座孤立的墓冢,它拥有吉萨高地保存最完整的祭祀建筑群。这些建筑揭示了古埃及法老通往永生的复杂仪式。
位于金字塔东侧下方的河岸神庙(Valley Temple)是必看点。这座神庙由巨大的粉红色花岗岩筑成,墙体厚重,甚至没用任何粘合剂。考古学家认为,这里曾是法老去世后进行“开口仪式”和木乃伊化处理的地方。阳光从天窗斜射进T形大厅,照在雪花石膏地板上,即便在数千年后的今天,那种庄严肃穆的气场依然能让人瞬间屏息。
著名的狮身人面像(Great Sphinx)紧挨着卡夫拉的河岸神庙。大多数学者认为,狮身人面像的脸部正是按照卡夫拉法老的容貌雕刻的。它是整个陵寝建筑群的守护者,面朝东方迎接日出。游览完金字塔内部后,顺着全长约494米的堤道走下来,就能直接进入狮身人面像的观景平台。这是最顺滑的游玩路线,不需要走回头路。
埃及景点的票价近期波动较大,且全面推行无现金支付。出发前务必确认最新的官方政策。
根据2025年的最新数据,吉萨高地园区的门票(Plateau Entry)为700埃及镑,这包含了进入景区以及参观狮身人面像的费用。如果想进入卡夫拉金字塔内部,需要额外购买280埃及镑的特票(Khufu内部则高达1500埃及镑)。售票处目前仅支持信用卡或借记卡支付,不接受现金。建议提前在埃及文物部官网预订电子票,避免现场排长队。
早上7点入园是黄金法则。此时光线最柔和,适合拍出金字塔顶部的细节,且此时的气温还能让你在钻地道时不至于大汗淋漓。关于交通,直接用Uber打车到景区售票口是最靠谱的方式。到了景区内,会遇到很多热情介绍路线的“官方导游”,记住,除非你确实需要讲解并愿意支付小费,否则简单的微笑摇头并保持前行能帮你省去不少麻烦。如果有人说金字塔内部关闭了或者通道改了,不要轻易相信,直接去入口处询问持证的工作人员。
目前金字塔内部严格禁止使用专业相机拍摄,部分区域允许手机拍照,但政策时常变动。建议在入口处将大型相机包寄存或收好。如果执意违规拍摄,可能会面临安保人员的罚款或没收存储卡。
如果你追求“第一名”的名号且体力充足,选胡夫;如果你更看重性价比和相对安静的氛围,卡夫拉更好。卡夫拉内部票价仅为胡夫的五分之一左右,且拥有类似的墓室结构和探险感。
建议预留2小时左右。这包括了从售票处步行到金字塔的时间、约20分钟的内部探索、通过堤道走到河岸神庙的时间,以及在狮身人面像前拍照的时间。如果还要骑骆驼环绕,则需额外增加1小时。
建筑结构非常稳固,没有任何坍塌风险。唯一的潜在挑战是狭窄闷热的空间对体力的消耗,以及部分路段斜度较大。患有严重哮喘或心脏病的游客应谨慎入内,建议随身携带一瓶水,在进入地道前补充水分。
Seokjin Ham It is tall enough to rival the Great Pyramid of Giza. This is famous for the Great Sphinx of Giza guarding the front. It is the tomb of Khafre, the pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. It is said to have been built around 2570 BC. The capstone that remains at the top naturally reminds me of its original appearance.
melton h I love this place the energy, the people and the wonder of how this was created. Fantastic wonder of the world.
Kryštof Laryš Such a beautiful place. It is a must see in Egypt.
Yanni The Pyramid of Khafre, also known as the pyramid of Chephren, stands as a remarkable testament to ancient Egyptian architecture and engineering. Let me take you on a journey to explore this awe-inspiring monument: Historical Marvel: The Pyramid of Khafre is the middle of the three Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, the second tallest and second largest of the group. It is the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled around 2558−2532 BC. With a base length of 215.5 meters (706 feet), the pyramid rises to a height of 136.4 meters (448 feet). Made of limestone blocks weighing more than 2 tons each, it stands as a testament to ancient craftsmanship. The slope of the pyramid rises at a 53° 13’ angle, steeper than its neighbor, the Pyramid of Khufu, which has an angle of 51°50’24". Interestingly, Khafre’s pyramid sits on bedrock 10 meters (33 feet) higher than Khufu’s pyramid, creating the illusion that it is taller. Construction and History: Like the Great Pyramid, a rock outcropping was used in the core. Due to the slope of the plateau, the northwest corner was cut 10 meters (33 feet) out of the rock subsoil, while the southeast corner was built up. The pyramid is constructed of horizontal courses, with larger stones at the base and smaller ones as it ascends. During the Nineteenth Dynasty, casing stones were taken to build a temple in Heliopolis on Ramesses II’s orders. Arab historian Ibn Abd al-Salam recorded that the pyramid was opened in 1372 AD. An Arabic graffito on the burial chamber wall likely dates from the same time. The pyramid was first explored in modern times by Giovanni Belzoni in 1818, revealing an empty burial chamber with an open sarcophagus. The first complete exploration was conducted by John Perring in 1837, and in 1858, Auguste Mariette discovered a diorite statue of Khafre. Unique Characteristics: The Pyramid of Khafre retains a section of its original white outer casing stones at the very top, adding to its allure. Its timeless beauty and historical significance continue to captivate visitors from around the world. In summary, the Pyramid of Khafre stands as a beacon of Egypt’s rich history, a marvel of ancient ingenuity, and a tribute to the pharaohs who shaped the sands of time. 🇪🇬🔺
S Hetherington Visited the Giza Plateau 8 October 2022. Included in the Cairo Pass. This is the second of the three pyramids of Giza. When you are standing in between the two pyramids this pyramid appears to be the taller of the two which is an optical illusion. The Pyramid of Khafre is smaller than the Great Pyramid but is a built on a slightly higher piece of ground so appears taller. This is the only pyramid here which still has the casing stones at the summit. Unfortunately was closed the day we visited so could not enter the burial chamber. You can walk around three sides of the pyramid but for some reason the fourth side is partitioned off. On the far side closer to the Pyramid of Menkaure is a good vantage point to get both of the main pyramids in a picture. You will come across some of the ubiquitous Camel hawkers here and if you want pictures it will cost you. I recommend not riding the poor animals as the abuse they get is terrible for such a noble creature.