- 火山国家公园- 景点攻略Volcanoes National Park
- 自然风光
- 5 评论
卢旺达火山国家公园大猩猩追踪攻略：1500美金门票下的真实体验
卢旺达火山国家公园（Volcanoes National Park）坐落在卢旺达西北部边境，与刚果金和乌干达交界，是整个非洲最早成立的国家公园。早在1925年为了保护山地大猩猩就划定了约160平方公里的保护区域。这里最核心的吸引力就是全球仅存千余只的山地大猩猩。目前公园境内生活着12个已经习惯人类接触的家族。虽然每张追踪门票的价格高达1500美金，但考虑到从首都基加利（Kigali）驱车前往仅需2.5小时左右，极高的通达性和成熟的旅游管理让这里成了全球高端灵长类动物观测的首选目的地。
追踪山地大猩猩的实操流程与细节
每天早晨七点的Kinigi总部简报
无论住在镇上的哪家酒店，清晨六点半就得出发赶往Kinigi的公园总部。到了之后你会发现，即便在这个海拔2000多米、早晨冷到需要抱着热水杯的地方，来自全球的旅行者已经聚在一起喝免费咖啡了。向导会根据每个人的体力状况和当天大猩猩家族的移动位置进行分组。一般来说，体力好的会被分去追踪爬升较高的家族，比如居住在卡里辛比（Karisimbi）火山斜坡上的群体。每个小组严格限制在8人以内，这种稀缺性也是门票价格居高不下的原因之一。
徒步过程中的不可控与惊喜
追踪过程可能持续2小时也可能长达6小时，全看大猩猩头天晚上在哪扎营。山里的植被非常茂密，向导会用砍刀在前面开路。有个细节很多人不知道，你最好花10美金雇一名当地挑夫。他们不仅帮你背相机，更重要的是在湿滑的泥地里，他们能像钉子一样稳稳地扶住你。当你最终见到大猩猩时，规则要求保持至少7米的距离，但那些调皮的小猩猩有时会主动凑过来，这时候你得听向导的指令，慢慢退后，千万别和领头的银背大猩猩对视太久。
除了大猩猩这里还有哪些值得爬的山
比索克火山与卡里辛比火山挑战
如果你觉得只看大猩猩不过瘾，比索克火山（Mount Bisoke）的单日徒步非常推荐。这座海拔3711米的死火山顶部有一个漂亮的火山口湖。往返大约需要5到7小时，坡度相当陡峭，尤其在雨季，深一脚浅一脚的泥泞会让人崩溃。至于海拔4507米的卡里辛比火山，那是卢旺达的最高峰，通常需要两天一夜的时间。说真的，在高海拔地区露营对体能要求极高，如果没有丰富的登山经验，不要轻易尝试这项挑战。
寻找金丝猴与戴安福西的足迹
金丝猴（Golden Monkey）追踪是这里的二号明星项目，门票只要100美金。这些小家伙生活在竹林带，由于它们动作极快，拍照难度其实比拍大猩猩大得多。另外一处人文景观是戴安·福西（Dian Fossey）的墓地和她生前的研究中心遗址 Karisoke。这位《迷雾中的大猩猩》原型人物为保护这里的生灵献出了生命。往返遗址的徒步难度中等，一路上向导会讲解当年她是如何在丛林中对抗盗猎者的，听起来就像是一场穿越时空的对话。
避坑指南与装备建议
衣服怎么穿才能防刺防虫
山里的植物有很多带刺的荨麻，那种刺扎透速干裤是常有的事。老手的做法是穿上厚实的帆布长裤，并把袜子拉长包在裤脚外面，防止蚂蚁爬进去。最好再带一副结实的花园修剪手套，因为在攀爬陡坡时，你随手抓取的支撑物可能长满了刺。雨衣必须随身带，火山区的气候说变就变，即便在6月到9月的旱季，下午也经常会有一场突如其来的暴雨。
关于小费与季节选择的建议
6月到9月以及12月到次年2月是这里的旺季，虽然雨水少路好走，但门票通常需要提前三个月预订。如果错峰出行，卢旺达有时候会针对连续游览多个公园的游客提供门票折扣。至于钱的问题，除了大额的门票支出，别忘了准备一些面额5000或10000的卢旺达法郎作为向导和挑夫的小费。在山上，一张20美金的纸币往往比信用卡管用得多。
常见问题
追踪大猩猩对体力要求高吗
追踪难度取决于大猩猩当天的位置，有些家族就在公园边缘活动，步行40分钟就能见到，有些则在海拔3000米以上的深山。分组时向导会询问你的体力情况，只要你能连续步行两三个小时，基本都能在挑夫的帮助下完成。建议平时没有运动习惯的人选择难度系数较低的家族。
1500美金的门票包含午餐和交通吗
这个价格仅仅是进入公园进行一次大猩猩追踪的许可费用，包含专业向导和持枪护卫的服务。往返公园总部的交通需要自驾或租车，午餐通常由你入住的酒店准备成便当带上山。虽然价格昂贵，但这笔钱的10%会直接拨给周边社区用于修路和建学校，以减少当地人对森林资源的依赖。
如果感冒了还能去追踪大猩猩吗
绝对不可以。山地大猩猩与人类基因高度相似，极其容易感染人类的呼吸道疾病。在出发前的简报阶段，如果你有明显的流感、咳嗽或腹泻症状，园方有权禁止你上山。为了保护这些濒危动物，建议在出发前一周注意防寒保暖，现场如果被劝退，通常可以申请退款或延期。
拍摄大猩猩可以用闪光灯吗
全程严禁使用闪光灯，因为强光会惊吓到大猩猩导致意外发生。由于林下光线较暗，建议带上光圈大于2.8的镜头。虽然你可以带专业相机，但其实现在很多高画质手机在森林里的表现也不错。关键是要听从向导手势，不要为了寻找角度而跨越安全红线。建议出发前查看官网最新信息。
火山国家公园 热门行程
火山国家公园 用户评价
Randy Lau - 5
Definitely need to visit at least once on the Big Island, pretty much all the main sites can be seen in a day trip. They even provide a short itinerary or longer one if you have time. West takes you through the steam vent and the crater lookouts, while east takes you through the lava tube, and all the way down to the coast and to the sea arch along with plenty of stops along the way. I highly recommend the petroglphs hike, which, while listed as 0.7 miles one way seemed more like 1.5-2 miles. We saw pretty much all of the main sites after arriving around 10am and left after 5pm. The visitors center is a bit small but has all the facilities you'll need.
Rachel Jans - 5
We spent from 8am to 3pm here because there was just that much to do. We really enjoyed seeing all of the different locations within the park, from lava tubes to craters. Lunch at Volcano house was so delicious. We enjoyed the short hike to the petroglyphs that was clearly marked. We were able to use the National Park Service app, no matter if we had service or not, which was super helpful and reassuring. The ranger was able to help us find a different area we didn't know about, where you have to leave the park and kinda drive down further. There are a total of 3 gift shops in the park so don't do like us and think there's just the 1 small one right when you walk in.
Simon - 5
Super fun! It's probably the best national park I have ever been to. With some short and long hikes, depending on what you want to do. I like how you also have the lava tube, not a long hike, so everyone can see it.
Estefany Mendez - 5
It was so much fun! There is so much to do! It is a full day experience, so plan a full day to stay in the park. If you are a Veteran, remember to bring your American The Beautiful National Park pass. Wear comfortable shoes. You’ll be doing a lot of walking. So many beautiful hikes and good places to eat while you are in the park. The lava tube and the End Point hike were my favorite experiences there!
yai vongsaphay - 5
Absolute MUST see and visit. We bought our park pass online -it’s per car not per person entrance fee. Be prepared to spend the whole day there. We got there very early which was a good thing as we didn’t run into large crowds. There were a ton of visitors on tour buses. The visitors center has park rangers/guides that are able to advise you on which sites to see. They also have paper guides. Restrooms and gift shop also located there. There are port a potties at some sights. There is no food stalls so bring your own snacks and plenty of water. This park was beautiful. Take your time and enjoy the scenery. We cannot wait to return and do some hiking
