乌达雅堡坐落在摩洛哥首都拉巴特布雷格雷格河的出海口,这处始建于1150年的军事要塞于2012年被列入世界遗产名录。整座建筑群矗立在海边悬崖上,核心区域免收大门票,是摩洛哥少数几个能够免费进入且历史底蕴深厚的核心遗址。在这里既能看到阿尔摩哈德王朝的宏伟城门,也能穿行在酷似舍夫沙万的蓝白巷弄中,最后在大西洋的浪潮声中喝一杯地道的摩洛哥薄荷茶。
走进堡垒前最先撞入眼帘的是巨大的奥戴亚城门。这座落成于12世纪末的赭红色石质建筑是阿尔摩哈德王朝艺术的巅峰。门上的雕刻并不像后期摩洛哥建筑那样繁琐,而是展现出一种力量感十足的简约,城门的几何线条和半圆拱顶至今保存完好。说真的,站在城门下抬头看那些复杂的贝壳状装饰,你会感受到这种石头建筑自带的威严。这扇门在历史上不仅是进入堡垒的关口,更是展示王朝实力的门面。
17世纪时,从西班牙被驱逐的莫里斯科人占领了这里,乌达雅堡一度成了萨累海盗的秘密据点。这些海盗利用堡垒的地理优势,居高临下监视布雷格雷格河口。虽然现在那些用来抵御外敌的重型火炮已经生锈,但站在靠近海边的防御平台上,依然能清晰看到对岸的萨累古城。这种三面环水的地势解释了为何历代统治者都将其视为拉巴特的咽喉。
很多人为了看蓝白房子专门跑去舍夫沙万,其实乌达雅堡内部的居住区有着异曲同工之妙。这里的墙脚被刷成深浅不一的宝蓝色,上半部分则是纯净的白色。这种配色原本是为了视觉上的清凉和防虫。这里的居民依然在老房子里生活,巷口晾晒的衣物和午睡的流浪猫让这片古迹充满了烟火气。比起商业化严重的舍夫沙万,这里的游客更少,能够让你在不用排队的情况下拍出极具摩洛哥风情的照片。
沿着主街一直往海的方向走,地势会逐渐抬升,最终抵达一片宽阔的石铺平台。这里是整个拉巴特看落日的绝佳位置。左手边是汹涌的大西洋浪花撞击礁石,右手边是平静的河道。不少当地年轻人会成群结队坐在城墙边聊天吹风。到了下午五六点,阳光把赭红色的城墙染成金黄色,那是乌达雅堡最有质感的时刻。
穿过古老的城墙,你会发现一片绿意盎然的安达卢西亚花园。很多人误以为这是中世纪的遗迹,其实它是20世纪初法国殖民时期修建的。花园里种满了橘子树、柠檬树和修剪整齐的灌木,空气里总有一股淡淡的花香。园内的灌溉系统参考了古老的摩尔式风格,水渠交叉纵横,在炎热的夏季能让体感温度瞬间降低几度。花园本身免费开放,是避开正午烈日的避暑胜地。
紧邻花园的是著名的摩尔咖啡馆 Café Maure。这里没有华丽的室内装修,只有一排排对着河景的石质长凳。花上10到15迪拉姆点一杯现煮的薄荷茶,再配上一碟摩洛哥传统点心“羚羊角”,是这里最经典的体验。这里的服务员动作很快,虽然环境简陋,但胜在视野无敌。你可以一边喝茶一边看着脚下的河面,感受那种属于北非的慢节奏生活。
进入堡垒时如果有人主动凑上来要当导游,或者声称通往平台的门已关需要他带路,建议直接微笑拒绝。乌达雅堡内的路径非常清晰,完全不需要向导。如果误跟了他们,通常在出口处会被索要50到100迪拉姆不等的小费。堡垒本身不收门票,只有内部的乌达雅博物馆需要购票进入,价格大约是70迪拉姆,门票一定要在官方窗口购买。
建议将游览安排在下午3点以后。先花一小时逛逛蓝白巷弄,然后在4点左右去安达卢西亚花园散步。这时候的光线最适合在海边平台拍照。如果你是摄影爱好者,尽量避开周五下午,因为那是当地人的休息日,堡垒内的人流量会比平时多出几倍。此外,这里距离拉巴特老城区麦地那走路也就10分钟,可以把这两个地方串联在同一天的行程里。
进入乌达雅堡的古城区域、防御平台和安达卢西亚花园均是免费的,不需要购买任何票券。只有参观堡垒内部的乌达雅博物馆(Oudayas Museum)需要支付约70迪拉姆的门票。建议出发前查看官方最新信息,以防票价临时调整。
从拉巴特维尔火车站(Rabat Ville)打车前往乌达雅堡最为方便,车程约10分钟,费用通常在15至25迪拉姆之间。如果选择乘坐有轨电车,可以在Place Al Joulane站下车后步行约15分钟到达正门。
由于堡垒内部仍有大量居民居住,在拍摄带有当地人(尤其是妇女)的特写镜头前,务必先征得对方同意。在巷弄里拍照时请保持安静,不要阻挡居民进出的通道。防御平台风力极大,操作无人机需要提前获得摩洛哥官方许可,否则会被没收设备。
仅仅是走马观花穿过蓝白巷弄并到达海边平台,大约需要1小时。如果你打算在安达卢西亚花园休息并在摩尔咖啡馆喝杯茶,建议预留2.5到3小时的时间。傍晚时分是这里的精华所在,停留时间长短取决于你对落日的喜爱程度。
Bogumiła PanKot Kasbah of the Oudaias is a kasbah in Rabat. It is located on a hill at the mouth of the Bou Regreg opposite Sale, and adjacent to the Mesina quoter of Rabat. It is listed, along with other sites in Rabat, as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Mohamed MOUSTACHAR About fifteen minutes (on foot) from the center of the city of Rabat, at the left mouth of the Bouregreg stands a real fortress dating from the 12th century: the Qasbah des Oudayas. With its monumental Almohad door, the kasbah remains a striking site offering visitors unprecedented beauty. It includes an Andalusian-style garden, a museum, riyads and ancient mosques. . The Andalusian influence is omnipresent: the walls uniformly covered with lime, the dominant blue color, the well-maintained and paved streets, the massive doors in multiple colors, the wrought iron... The Qasbah des Oudayas, classified as a world heritage site by UNESCO, has become a haven of peace and inspiration for many artists from Morocco and around the world. Visitors are seduced as much by the beauty of the site as by its soothing tranquility. The great attraction of the kasbah is undoubtedly its famous Café Maure which can be accessed by taking the meandering streets. An unmissable place where visitors can sip succulent mint tea while tasting delicious almond cakes. Offering, at the mouth of the Bouregreg, a breathtaking view of the Atlantic Ocean and the town of Salé, the square remains a recommended place to relax and contemplate the coming and going of the boats between the two banks.
Rezwana Malik A breathtaking place with incredible views of the sea, almost felt like a mini Greece. We went during the night which was a different kind of beauty, but I'm sure the daytime visit would also be just as amazing. Definitely worth checking out if you're in Rabat!
David Smith The former seaside fortress, which dates back to the 12th century, boasts whitewashed buildings and stunning views over the sea.
Michał It’s good to be cautious there. Place is pleasant, but meeting the scammer may damage the whole impression. There are people who pretend being guides. They may show even some (probably) fake ID. Don’t reply when they start a conversation. They start to show around the place and after that you go further to the Kasbah of the Udayas. You can expect hearing from a fake guide something about history of the place and other interesting facts. Moreover, they may show you some indoor places like bakery. After that they want to charge a big fee. In my situation he wanted 350 dirhams. It’s ridiculous, because in the beginning there is no talking about the money. He was rather pretending like he was the guide hired there who wants to show you around. Just don’t react when they approach you.