本·阿梅拉- 景点攻略
Ben Amera
自然风光
毛里塔尼亚
5 评论
建议游玩时长:2 小时

毛里塔尼亚本阿梅拉:撒哈拉腹地的单体巨石探险

本阿梅拉(Ben Amera)位于毛里塔尼亚北部的阿德拉尔沙漠,海拔高度约633米,是公认的世界第二大单体巨石。这块巨大的黑色花岗岩紧邻西撒哈拉边境,在广袤荒凉的黄色沙海中显得突兀且震撼。相比于澳大利亚那块名满天下的乌鲁鲁,这里几乎没有旅游基础设施。能来到这块石头脚下的游客,大多是搭乘世界上最长的铁矿石列车,在深夜的寒风中跳下车厢,再步行数公里寻找营地的硬核旅行者。

藏在铁轨边的地质奇观

规模直逼乌鲁鲁的黑色巨塔

很多人以为澳大利亚的乌鲁鲁是地球上唯一的巨型单体岩石,其实本阿梅拉的规模在视觉上毫不逊色。这块石头高出沙漠地表近400米,整体周长非常可观。如果你尝试绕着它走一圈,可能需要花费大半天的时间。它并非像普通山脉那样由多座山峰组成,而是一整块巨大的花岗岩岩体。由于岩层中含有的矿物质在长年累月的紫外线照射和氧化作用下变黑,它在阳光下呈现出一种压抑而神秘的深色调,与周围金色的沙丘形成强烈的色彩反差。

亿万年风化出的孤独地标

本阿梅拉的形成可以追溯到数亿年前,它是地壳深处的岩浆冷却后,经过长时间的地表剥蚀而裸露出来的。在撒哈拉沙漠这种极端的温差环境下,岩石表面的物理风化非常严重。清晨和深夜的温差有时会超过30摄氏度,岩石在热胀冷缩的作用下会发出细微的崩裂声。这里的沙尘暴也是常客,狂风夹杂着细碎的沙粒像砂纸一样不断打磨石头的棱角,使其表面变得相对圆润。这种孤独的地质结构在方圆几百公里内都没有同类,成了沙漠商队和铁矿石列车司机的天然导航标。

抵达这块荒原巨石的现实路径

深夜在撒哈拉铁路上跳车的体验

想要看这块石头,最常见的办法是乘坐从祖埃拉特(Zouerat)开往努瓦迪布(Nouadhibou)的铁矿石列车。这趟火车全长约2.5公里,被誉为世界上最重的列车。你需要在修姆(Choum)上车,爬进满载铁矿砂的露天车厢。说实话,这种旅行方式非常遭罪。火车通常在凌晨时分经过本阿梅拉。由于这里没有正式车站,火车只会象征性地减速或者稍作停靠,你必须在漫天铁屑和风沙中准确判断位置并跳到沙地上。从铁轨到巨石脚下大约还有5公里的路程,在没有灯光的沙漠深夜,如果没有GPS导航,很容易走冤枉路。

越野车穿越的补给建议

如果你不想去车厢里吃沙子,从阿塔尔(Atar)雇佣一辆四驱越野车是更稳妥的选择。这种方式大约需要4到5小时的颠簸车程。路途中没有柏油路,全是松软的沙子和细碎的乱石,对司机的经验要求很高。去之前必须在阿塔尔加满油并带够至少三天的饮用水。建议带上那种大容量的塑料水桶,因为沙漠里的蒸发量大得惊人,一旦车坏在半路,充足的水就是保命符。另外别指望手机信号,最好出发前在手机里下载好离线地图。

巨石背后的艺术与传说

被遗忘在沙海里的雕塑公园

在本阿梅拉主峰大约5公里外,散落着一处鲜为人知的雕塑群,那里被称为本艾莎(Ben Aicha)。1999年12月到2000年1月,为了迎接千禧年,16位来自世界各地的艺术家在这里进行了一场沙漠创作马拉松。他们利用当地的花岗岩雕刻了各种象征和平与文化的艺术品。这些雕塑现在就静静地躺在荒野里,没有任何护栏。有些雕塑描绘了人物面孔,有些则是抽象的几何图形,甚至还有一头大象的轮廓。经过二十多年的风沙侵蚀,这些艺术品已经逐渐与沙漠环境融为一体,这种荒诞的艺术感只有身临其境才能体会。

带有浪漫色彩的民间故事

当地游牧民族给这两块石头赋予了有人情味的名字。本阿梅拉代表丈夫,而稍小一点的本艾莎代表妻子。传说中,本阿梅拉原本还有两个“妃子”,但因为一些家庭矛盾,他抛弃了她们。现在在本阿梅拉和本艾莎周围还能看到零星的小石块,当地人戏称那是他们的“随从”或“破碎的家庭”。这种拟人化的叙事让冰冷的石头有了温度。当你晚上在石头脚下露营,看着满天繁星,听导游讲这些故事,会觉得这片荒漠其实并没那么冷酷。

常见问题

去本阿梅拉需要买门票吗?

目前进入本阿梅拉及其周边地区完全免费,这里没有任何围栏、售票处或检票人员,属于完全开放的原始荒野。游客可以自由在岩石脚下扎营,但必须自行带走所有垃圾,因为这里没有环卫工人清理。

什么时候去本阿梅拉旅行最合适?

每年的11月到次年3月是最佳旅行窗口,这段时间白天平均气温在25摄氏度左右,气候比较宜人。千万不要在夏季前往,那时候沙漠气温经常突破45摄氏度,暴晒下的花岗岩像烙铁一样,极易发生中暑或脱水危险。

爬到石头的顶端需要多久?

徒步爬到本阿梅拉顶端大约需要2到3小时,具体取决于你的体力。由于岩石表面受风化影响比较湿滑,且坡度较陡,建议穿着抓地力强的登山鞋。顶端海拔约633米,视野极佳,可以清晰地看到西撒哈拉边境线和无尽的沙丘。

本·阿梅拉 用户评价

  • reviews-avatar Virginia L
    5
    评论于 2024-02-27

    News to me that Mauritania have the second largest monolith in the world after Australia. Camping here was amazing specially during full moon! Close by is aysha the other monolith almost as large as this one but full of sculptures highly recommended!!

  • reviews-avatar Richard Simard
    5
    评论于 2024-01-18

    Incredible natural landmark along the iron ore train tracks. The scale and magnitude of this monolith had me awestruck for days after visiting. I found myself repeatedly reviewing photos in amazement. Many people pass by this monument from the train but I highly recommend camping at it overnight. It's dark sky country, and catching a sunrise behind the monolith is one of the most incredible scenes. There is a military/security checkpoint between the train tracks and the monolith but it is otherwise untended. Ben Amera is made entirely of granite. It's considered a monolith, but is more likely one peak in a range of granite mountaintops buried in the sand. There are several other peaks protruding from the desert floor around it. Aicha is the second largest one in the range and is about a half km from Ben Amera.

  • reviews-avatar Moustapha Tate
    5
    评论于 2021-11-30

    This place is not only spiritual, it is one of a kind. A place where you could find peace, see the magnificent power of the creature and earth. I would definitely go back to this place. Wouldn’t recommend to visit it during summer though hence the harsh environment and extremely hot temperatures. Winter is the ideal time but you should expect a very cold weather. Bring your wood with you since this place doesn’t have much dry wood to burn.

  • reviews-avatar Tomas Husek
    5
    评论于 2021-11-29

    Wow! The second largest monolith in the world is very well hidden right on the border with Western Sahara. An incredible place surrounded by listless desert. And well yes, it is indeed a huge piece of rock. We tried to climb it but it was slippery at the end so we turned back. It was great experience though. A place not be missed.

  • reviews-avatar T K
    4
    评论于 2021-09-22

    Best kept secret and well worth the effort to get there, Mauritania's biggest rock and probably the 2nd largest in the world, rising some 633m (2027ft) above the desert floor. (World's biggest is the famous Uluru, in Australia). This one is called the Ben Amera, and lies inconspicuously in the desert between Nouadhibou and Zouerate, about 5km from Tmeimichat, (a small village on the route of the desert train). Consisting of one single element, this super large and smooth monolith is a must see, if you can find it, as there are no roads leading to it, so you'll need to use the train (Nouadibou-Choum train) which stops nearby, but does not wait for anyone to climb the monolith) or use a local guide or tour group provider. Mauritania has some spectacular natural unspoilt landscapes like this, and the local people are kind and gracious, especially to visitors.

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