坦桑尼亚北部的 奥尔多尼奥伦盖(Ol Doinyo Lengai)位于东非裂谷系统(East African Rift)南端的格雷戈里裂谷(Gregory Rift)内,靠近著名的 纳特龙湖(Lake Natron)和马赛族村落。
“奥尔多尼奥伦盖”在马赛语中意为“上帝之山”(Mountain of God),这座火山在马赛族文化中拥有神圣地位。
海拔约 2 962 米(部分资料略有差异),锥体从裂谷谷底拔升显著。虽然高度不及 乞力马扎罗山(Mount Kilimanjaro)那样壮丽,但置身其坡顶,俯瞰裂谷、湖泊、荒野景致,所感震撼不亚于大型山体。
奥尔多尼奥伦盖的地质背景十分特殊。它坐落于东非裂谷拉张带的一环,地壳拉伸、热流集中,导致火山活动持续。
最引人注目的是,这里是全球 唯一一座正在喷发碳酸岩熔岩 的活火山。
碳酸岩熔岩富含钠、钾和碳酸盐矿物(如 nyerereite 和 gregoryite),却几乎没有二氧化硅(硅酸盐含量极低),因此其温度比典型岩浆低(约 500‑600 ℃),流动性极高。
这种岩浆喷出时呈黑色,冷却后经水汽作用能够变为白色,山体坡面因而出现“白色熔岩”现象。
从喷发历史看,自 1880 年代起已有记录,2007‑08 年发生了剧烈喷发(爆发柱高达 3 公里),随后以熔岩流为主。
总之,这座火山不仅具备观赏价值,也拥有地质研究价值极高的“活化石”地位。
通常从山脚出发,夜间出发或凌晨攀登,以避开白日高温。很多登山者深夜出发,趁日出前登顶。
全程往返约 10–12 公里,耗时约 8‑12 小时不等。
攀登过程坡度陡、路面松散(火山灰、砾石),尤其下山时更需谨慎。
Agape Palilo
George Stephen Nice
Antony Samweli
Lenchik Ostapova Emotions are simply overwhelming from the views and beauty. The comfort of climbing the volcano depends on physical fitness, weather and emotional state It’s really hard to go up, but it’s even more fun to go down, under your feet the surface has different hardness: stones, solidified lava, ash, the slope is about 45 degrees, and you’re constantly going up. My climb took about 6 hours up and the same amount down. Unfortunately, that day there was heavy cloudiness over the crater, so visibility was very poor, strong wind, you must take a headlamp with you, because the start is at 12 at night, suitable shoes, warm clothes, 2 liters of water per person, and something to eat, sun protection cream. And yes, you can hear lava exploding at the top, which is downright creepy, but it was not possible to see its color. I think this is the best thing I saw in Tanzania, unusual and impressive.
Stéphane Sagon Ol Doinyo Lengai (The Mountain of God) in the Massai language, is a unique volcano in the world because it is the only one to release carbonate lava (black in color) of only 500 to 600 °C. It takes 4 hours of walking to reach the summit (1,500 meters of elevation).