考勒遗址- 景点攻略
Kaole Ruins

历史文化
坦桑尼亚
5 评论
+3 张照片
建议游玩时长: 1 小时

1 探秘坦桑尼亚考勒遗址(Kaole Ruins):沉睡在红树林中的 13 世纪斯瓦希里文明

当人们提起坦桑尼亚的海岸历史,大多会首先想到桑给巴尔(Zanzibar)的石头城,或是因奴隶贸易而闻名的巴加莫约(Bagamoyo)。然而,在巴加莫约以南仅 5 公里的地方,隐藏着一处比这两者更为古老的遗迹——考勒遗址(Kaole Ruins)。这里曾是繁华的贸易中心,如今却安静地沉睡在印度洋畔的红树林与巨大的猴面包树下。

作为东非斯瓦希里海岸(Swahili Coast)最重要的考古遗址之一,考勒遗址为我们揭开了 13 世纪海上贸易帝国的面纱。如果你厌倦了常规的打卡景点,这里将是你深入了解东非历史的绝佳去处。

2 考勒遗址的历史回响:巴加莫约的前世

在巴加莫约成为 19 世纪重要的商队终点之前,考勒(Kaole)早已是印度洋贸易网络中的一颗明珠。

2.1 设拉子人的建立与繁荣

考古学证据表明,考勒的定居点历史可以追溯到公元 8 世纪,但现存的主要建筑遗迹始建于 13 世纪。当时,来自波斯(今伊朗)设拉子(Shirazi)地区的商人顺着季风来到东非海岸,与当地居民融合,建立了这一繁荣的贸易站。他们带来了伊斯兰教、精美的瓷器和石造建筑技术,将红树林木材、象牙和犀牛角出口到波斯、印度甚至中国。

2.2 从繁华港口到被遗忘的废墟

“Kaole”这个名字在当地语言中的意思是“去看看”(Go and see)。据传,当时这里的繁华程度令内陆居民惊叹,人们总是互相招呼着“去考勒看看”。

然而,大自然改变了考勒的命运。随着几个世纪的变迁,茂密的红树林(Mangroves)逐渐入侵海岸线,导致港口淤积,大船无法停靠。加之 15 世纪葡萄牙人的入侵打乱了传统的贸易路线,考勒逐渐衰落,最终被废弃,贸易中心北移至今天的巴加莫约。

3 核心看点:穿越 800 年的建筑奇迹

走进考勒遗址,你会看到主要由珊瑚石(Coral Stone)和石灰建成的断壁残垣。虽然时光侵蚀了屋顶,但其精美的石造工艺依然令人惊叹。

3.1 东非大陆最古老的清真寺

遗址内最引人注目的是第一座清真寺的遗迹,它建于 13 世纪,被认为是坦桑尼亚大陆乃至东非最古老的清真寺之一。虽然只剩下墙基和部分结构,但你依然可以清晰地看到通往宣礼塔的石阶,以及用于祈祷的米哈拉布(Mihrab,壁龛)。想象一下,在 800 年前,这里曾回荡着每日五次的唤礼声,见证了伊斯兰教在东非的早期传播。

遗址内还有第二座建于 15 世纪的清真寺,虽然规模较小,但同样见证了那个时代的建筑风格。

3.2 神秘的柱状墓群(Pillar Tombs)

考勒遗址散落着约 22 座墓葬,其中最独特的是柱状墓(Pillar Tombs)。这种墓葬风格是典型的斯瓦希里沿海特色,通常属于当地的统治者(被称为 Diwanis)或富有的谢赫(Sheikhs)。

墓碑上高耸的石柱并非装饰,而是地位的象征——柱子越高,逝者生前的地位越显赫。虽然原本装饰在柱子上的中国青花瓷碗大多已被掠走或脱落,但你仍能在博物馆看到这些碎片的踪迹,它们是古代海上丝绸之路的铁证。

3.3 传说中的“疗愈之井”与神圣墓葬

在古清真寺旁,有一口看似不起眼的水井。传说这口井的水具有神奇的疗愈能力。尽管距离咸涩的印度洋仅咫尺之遥,这口井却奇迹般地终年涌出甘甜的淡水。几个世纪以来,当地人一直相信井水能带来好运并治愈疾病。

此外,这里还有一座被称为“Shariffa”的墓,据说是先知穆罕默德的一位女性后裔长眠于此,当地许多妇女会来此祈祷许愿。

4 游览实用指南(攻略)

4.1 交通方式与抵达

考勒遗址位于巴加莫约镇中心东南约 5 公里处

  • 最推荐方式:在巴加莫约租一辆三轮突突车(Bajaji)。往返费用通常在 5,000 到 10,000 坦桑尼亚先令(TZS)之间,司机通常愿意在门口等你游览结束。
  • 步行:如果你喜欢徒步,也可以沿着海滩向南走,但这需要约 1 小时,且需注意潮汐变化。

4.2 门票与向导服务

作为国家级古迹,考勒遗址对外国游客收取门票,价格通常在 10,000 - 20,000 TZS 左右(请以现场最新公示为准)。

强烈建议聘请遗址内的官方向导。因为废墟本身没有过多的文字说明,如果没有向导的讲解,你看到的只是一堆石头;而有了向导,你会听到关于“爱之墓”(Love Grave,一对在同一天溺亡并合葬的夫妇)等生动的故事,体验感将完全不同。

4.3 游览贴士

  • 最佳时间:建议在清晨或傍晚前往,避开正午的烈日。夕阳下的废墟光影效果极佳,非常适合摄影。
  • 防蚊防晒:由于遗址紧邻红树林,蚊虫较多,请务必携带防蚊液。
  • 着装:虽然这里是废墟,但曾是宗教场所,且周边村落较为保守,建议穿着得体,避免过于暴露。


考勒遗址 用户评价

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Drake Maxwell
    5
    评论于 2024-12-23

    Interesting ruins and an old mosque still in operation, a small museum with a few exhibits inside. One of the most interesting things is the 500 year old Baobab tree.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Isaac Mombury
    5
    评论于 2024-10-28

    Kaole Ruins in Bagamoyo, Pwani, is a captivating historical site that offers a glimpse into Tanzania's rich cultural heritage. My recent visit to this ancient settlement was both educational and fascinating. Located about 5 kilometers south of Bagamoyo town, the ruins date back to the 13th century and were once a thriving trade hub, connecting the Swahili coast to distant lands. The site features remnants of coral stone mosques, tombs, and other structures that reflect the early Islamic influence in East Africa. Walking through the ruins, I was struck by the serene atmosphere and the sense of history that permeates the place. One of the highlights was the 13th-century mosque, believed to be one of the oldest in East Africa. The tombs, adorned with intricate inscriptions and decorative patterns, also tell stories of early settlers and traders. The on-site museum is small but informative, showcasing artifacts like pottery, glass beads, and coins, which illustrate the region's trade connections with countries like China, India, and the Arabian Peninsula. The guides were knowledgeable, offering insightful details about the history of the settlement, the people who lived there, and their trading activities. Visiting the Kaole Ruins was like stepping back in time. It’s a must-see for anyone interested in Tanzania’s history, archaeology, or culture. I highly recommend it for those looking to learn more about the Swahili coast's ancient trading networks and the region's Islamic heritage.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar nicole joan
    5
    评论于 2023-11-05

    A place that holds so much history. You will be awed. My guide did a good job explaining all the necessary information about each building and item in the ruins. There are graves,a magic well,500 yrs old Baobab,old mosque,old port and old foundation. The entrance fee includes a guide. They only accept mobile money but don't worry,if you have cash,they will make the payment on your behalf.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Dea H.
    3
    评论于 2023-07-29

    I wish they put more information. If you don't have a guide with you, you wouldn't know what happened. There's a small museum nearby, tho. Visited on weekday, so there weren't much visitors. I heard it is packed with people during weekend.

  • attractions-reviews-avatar Jirani Fulani
    5
    评论于 2023-05-13

    This historical site is located approximately 15 minutes from Bagamoyo Bus Station, it carries the remains of the first Arab settlement in Bagamoyo. Here you'll be able to see a 13th-century mosque which is one of the oldest in East Africa, a famous tomb of lovers, a well of fresh water, Kaole old port, a baobab tree that is said to be there for over five centuries etc.

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