- 金伯利大洞- 景点攻略The Big Hole
- 历史文化
- 5 评论
南非金伯利大洞旅游攻略：手挖矿坑奇迹与钻石小镇探秘
金伯利大洞（The Big Hole）是南非北开普省（Northern Cape）极具震撼力的地标，这座深达215米、周长约1.6公里的巨大深渊，完全是十九世纪数万名矿工用铁锹和镐头一铲铲挖出来的。现在的成人门票价格大约在160兰特左右，每天上午八点到下午五点对外开放。站在那座伸向矿坑中心的悬空观景台上，那种由人力对抗地球而产生的视觉冲击感，确实不是普通自然景观能比拟的。建议出发前查看官网获取最新票价信息。
站在世界最大手挖矿坑的悬空观景台上
五万人靠铁锹刨出的1.6公里深渊
如果不是亲眼看见，很难想象在1871年到1914年间，有将近五万名矿工挤在这片原本平坦的土地上。那时候根本没有现代化的挖掘机，每个人划分一小块地没日没夜地向下挖，最终挖出了宽约463米的巨坑。在那几十年里，这个矿坑产出了大约2722公斤钻石，也就是惊人的1360万克拉。这种规模的人力奇迹在世界采矿史上确实绝无仅有。现在去参观，一定要走上那座全长延伸至坑口的悬空平台，脚下就是深不见底的垂直断面，这种高度带来的眩晕感相当真实。
水面下掩藏着的采矿血泪与财富
现在的金伯利大洞看起来更像一个巨大的火山口湖，底部积水深度大约有40米，水色因为矿物质的原因呈现出一种诡异的深蓝绿色。以前的开采深度其实达到过240米，后来因为碎石回填才变成现在的215米。坑洞周围的岩石层记录了当年的地质秘密，最核心的蓝岩层（Blue Ground）就是钻石的母矿。很多游客会盯着那潭深水看很久，想象百年前这里到处是绳索、滑轮和满身灰尘的掘金者，这种静谧与昔日喧嚣的对比很有代入感。
探秘南非钻石之都：博物馆与复古老镇
616克拉钻石原石与防弹博物馆
看完了大洞，别急着走，金伯利钻石博物馆里的干货非常多。有个细节很多人会忽略，这里保存着一颗名为616（The 616）的巨型钻石原石，重达616克拉，是世界上未经切割的最大钻石原石之一。因为治安和价值的原因，博物馆的保安级别很高，有些区域甚至禁止拍照。在里面能看到各种复刻的历史名钻，以及当年钻石走私者为了瞒天过海想出来的各种奇招。这种近距离接触顶级宝石的感觉，比看图片要强上百倍。
漫步还原十九世纪风貌的金伯利老镇
走出博物馆，外面是一整片为了重现淘钻狂热时代而搬迁或复原的老建筑。这里没有商业街那种廉价的塑料感，路面铺着旧碎石，两侧是当时的铁匠铺、酒吧、银行，甚至还有塞西尔·罗德斯（Cecil Rhodes）当年的私人铁路车厢。你可以进到那间老酒吧里喝一杯当地的冷饮，或者去那种旧式照相馆留个影。整个街区的复古氛围做得非常足，就连门窗上的铁锈都像是刻意留下的历史痕迹，走在里面确实会有一种时空错乱的感觉。
实用行前指南：门票、交通与最佳季节
票价信息以及必须要看的地底矿井秀
目前成人的全额门票涵盖了观景台、地下模拟矿井体验和博物馆，家庭套票大概是560兰特，适合带小孩的家庭。这里的地底矿井秀值得单独提一下，馆方专门建造了一个模拟当年的地下坑道，里面有真实的爆破声效和震动感，能让你体验到当年矿工在狭窄黑暗空间里劳作的压力。这种互动式体验在南非其他的历史景点里并不多见。购票地点就在景区入口的游客中心，不需要提前预约，到了直接买就行。
如何抵达位于南非腹地的金伯利
金伯利虽然位置比较偏，但交通还算便利。如果从约得堡出发，自驾大概需要6到7个小时，全程走N12国道，路况整体不错，只是路上大型货车比较多。不想开车的话，每天从约堡有5班左右的航班直飞金伯利机场，开普敦每天也有2班左右。到了金伯利市区，打个出租车或者用打车软件去大洞非常快，车程通常在20分钟以内。这里建议避开12月和1月的夏季高峰，那会儿北开普省的温度经常飙升到40度以上，在户外看大坑真的会晒到脱皮。
常见问题
游览金伯利大洞大概需要预留多少时间？
建议至少预留3个小时的参观时间。这包括了观看大约20分钟的背景纪录片、走过地下模拟矿道、在观景台拍照以及漫步老城镇，如果还要逛钻石首饰店或者吃午饭，大半天时间会比较充裕。
在金伯利大洞参观安全吗？
景区内部的安保非常严格，停车场有专门的人员看守，火器和宠物都禁止带入。由于金伯利城市治安环境一般，建议自驾的游客离开景区后直接回酒店，不要在周边陌生街区随意步行，贵重物品也不要留在车内显眼位置。
金伯利大洞现在还在生产钻石吗？
露天矿坑的开采早在1914年就停止了，目前它完全作为一个旅游景点和文化遗产开放。虽然周边的地下矿脉后来断断续续有开采，但大洞本身已经成为历史，仅作为人类挖掘奇迹供人参观。
金伯利大洞 用户评价
Jacques Koekemoer - 5
Very pleasant experience. The staff were super friendly, the car guard had an amazing sense of humor and it was clean. If they made another hole then 10/10 would visit again
Abrie Muller - 5
Our tour guide, Elisa, was absolutely amazing! She made the tour great fun and she was very informative. There is a lot of information and it really is an interesting place to visit.
Nicola McLeod - 3
It was an interesting experience. The entry fee is a little high for what you get, in my opinion. There is plenty of parking, but it's across the street, which can also be confusing. You watch a 20-minute movie as part of the tour, the same movie that showed 20 years ago. The movie is also kind of all over the place. Then they rush through a quick tour to finish in the hour. You can at least walk around after and explore by yourself, and the tour guide was very sweet. The look of the old school town was my favourite part! The only thing is, if you take the latest tour, you probably won't see the other exhibits as they lock them up as early as they can, it seems. It's one of the main attractions in Kimberley, I feel like they could step it up a tiny bit. The lady working at the concessions store was really rude, and when we were done with our tour, the other shops inside were also already closed. Why have a late tour if everyone leaves before 5? I'm glad I experienced it, and I would recommend everyone go at least once, especially if you like history or diamonds. The machinery and mining tunnel are also very interesting on their own.
Thirasha Pillay - 5
Great historical site to visit. It started with a short movie on the history of diamond mining in Kimberly, followed by a tour from David who was excellent in sharing facts about our history and on diamonds itself. He made jokes and answered all our many questions with ease. I was pleasantly surprised by this experience. A must see for local and international tourists.
Jandri Davis - 4
Our tour guide, Jacky, was very friendly and gave a lot of interesting information. My kids (12 & 8) enjoyed the tour as well. Every South African should go there at least once in their life to experience the big hole and exhibits of underground mining.
