瑞法伊清真寺(Al-Rifa'i Mosque)坐落在开罗老城区的萨拉丁城堡对面,占地将近 6500 平方米。这座建筑不仅是一处宏伟的宗教场所,更是埃及穆罕默德·阿里王朝的家族墓地。对于普通游客来说,它的看点在于极其奢华的内饰,以及这里安葬的特殊历史人物。目前进入参观通常需要购买与对面苏丹哈桑清真寺的联票,外国人成人票价大约在 180 埃镑左右,建议在售票处确认实时价格。
这地方的诞生源于 19 世纪埃及赫迪夫伊斯梅尔的母亲胡希亚尔汗(Khushyar Hanim)。1869 年,她下令要在原有的苏菲派圣地旧址上盖一座足以匹配王室身份的清真寺。最初的设计师是埃及人侯赛因·法希米,他想让这座建筑在规模和高度上都能与对面 14 世纪的苏丹哈桑清真寺平起平坐。可惜工程因资金短缺和王室更迭中断了二十多年,直到 1905 年才在奥地利建筑师马克斯·赫兹的手中复工,最终在 1912 年完工。
虽然瑞法伊清真寺比对面的苏丹哈桑晚了 500 多年,但设计师聪明地运用了新马穆鲁克风格,让两座相隔半个世纪的建筑看起来像是双生子。清真寺外墙装饰着极其繁复的石雕,这种视觉冲击力只有当你站在两座寺庙之间的狭窄过道仰望时,才能真切感受到那种压迫感。寺内可以容纳超过 10000 名信徒同时礼拜,这在开罗的古迹中算是相当惊人的体量。
走进瑞法伊清真寺的祈祷大厅,第一眼看到的绝不是空旷,而是密密麻麻的装饰。大厅由 44 根巨大的石柱支撑,每根柱子的底座和柱头都有精细的雕刻。最让人咂舌的是地坪和墙面的用料,据说当年施工时从 7 个不同的国家采购了 19 种不同色彩的大理石。这些大理石拼贴出的图案至今色泽依旧,甚至连天花板上贴的黄金都是当年特意从土耳其进口的,价值在当时简直是天文数字。
寺内安装了 18 扇装饰复杂的窗格,光线穿过木刻和玻璃后的阴影,随着太阳位置的变化在彩色大理石上移动。如果你在这里待上一个小时,会发现整个殿内的氛围是不停变化的。相比对面苏丹哈桑清真寺的朴素与肃穆,瑞法伊清真寺更像是一座展示 19 世纪末埃及国力与审美的博物馆。说实话,这地方更适合慢节奏的摄影爱好者,每一处拐角的拼接花纹都够拍半天。
在清真寺的西侧是著名的王室陵寝区。埃及的末代国王法鲁克(King Farouk)就安葬于此。与常见的露天墓地不同,这里的墓室更像是装饰豪华的房间。除了法鲁克,埃及现代史上的几位重要君主如福阿德一世、伊斯梅尔等也都在这里长眠。这里的管理通常比较人性化,虽然是墓区,但并不显得阴森,反而有种厚重的历史沉淀感。
这里最让国际游客感兴趣的莫过于伊朗末代国王巴列维(Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)的墓。1979 年伊朗革命后,他流亡埃及并在 1980 年去世,当时的埃及总统萨达特给了他国葬的礼遇,并让他安葬于此。巴列维的墓室覆盖着绿色的大理石,墙上挂着他的肖像。这种跨国的历史链接,让瑞法伊清真寺在政治与宗教意义之外,多了一层令人唏嘘的宿命感。
清真寺每天早上 9 点开门,下午 4 点半左右清场。如果想拍到那种空旷感,建议一开门就进去。周五的中午由于要举行主麻礼拜,清真寺会对非穆斯林游客关闭,大家安排行程时一定要避开周五 11 点到 14 点这段时间。另外,进寺必须脱鞋,如果不想穿那种公用的鞋套,最好自己带一双厚袜子,因为大理石地面即使在夏天也挺凉的。
这里的安保和管理相对严格,女性游客需要用披肩遮住肩膀和头发,门口一般有免费借用的披肩,但卫生程度见仁见智,建议包里常备一条丝巾。买票时别忘了拿一张地图,或者在入口处留意导览牌,因为墓室区的入口藏得有点深,不留神容易错过法鲁克国王的灵柩位置。至于交通,打个车直接说到萨拉丁城堡附近的 Midan al-Qal'a 广场即可。
通常是和对面的苏丹哈桑清真寺售卖联票。2024 年初的外国人票价约为 180 埃镑,持国际学生证(ISIC)可以享受半价。购票处就在两座大清真寺中间的过道入口处。
普通手机拍照是免费的,而且并不像开罗某些博物馆那样严查。但如果使用三脚架或专业摄像设备,可能需要额外购买摄影许可证,建议进门前询问工作人员。
如果只是走马观花大概 40 分钟,但如果你对历史和建筑细节感兴趣,算上拍照和看墓室铭文,建议预留 1.5 到 2 小时。由于它和苏丹哈桑清真寺挨着,两座寺庙合起来看通常需要一个半天。
非常方便。虽然没有地铁直达,但从开罗老城的汗哈利利市场或科普特区打车过来也就 15 到 20 分钟车程。它是萨拉丁城堡周边一日游路线的经典一站。建议在游览完清真寺后直接去城堡看夕阳。
Khalid ElGammal Very beautiful place. It is a grand icon of the time of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, specifically Ismail Pasha’s family. Commissioned by Hoshyar Hanim, Ismail Pasha’s mother, she wanted to build a grand mosque to be her family’s resting place. She chose this place, at the foot of the mountain citadel, right next to the grandiose Madrasa of Sultan Hassan. And above the tomb of Al-Rifaï Abu Shibbak, a medieval Sufi figure and a grandson of Ahmad Al-Rifaï, one of the chief figures of Sufism in Sunni Islam, revered by millions. His tomb is now the centerpiece of the mosque, around it is the prayer room, and the tombs of the modern royals. I believe the mosque houses the tombs of over 20 royals, among them Ismail and his mother, his sons Tawfik Pasha, Sultan Hussein Kamil, King Fuad I, and his grandson King Farouk. In addition to Mohamed Reza Pahlavi, the last Iranian Shah and the son-in-law of King Fuad I. Each of these tombs is an elaborate work of art. They incorporate traditional elements along with neo-Islamic and sometimes European influences. One of the tombs is especially surprising, it is adorned with gothic art and inscribed with Quranic verses, this is the tomb of Jananyar Hanim, a Frenchwoman and one of Ismail’s wives. Overall, you must visit this place. It is a testament to the development of Modern Egypt and the creativity and elegance of its art & architecture.
raha lotfi Very interesting, but needs to get tickets, and the staff force you to pay for everything , they keep your shoes by forcing in the shoes shelf and then ask you for money
Soudamini Mohapatra The mosque is a magnificent structure, doesn't look impressive from outside, but once you are inside it the real beauty of the mosque is completely different. It's a burial place of many royal families. The place of worship at the center has sandalwood decorations and the smell is still there. The last Shah of Iran Muhammad Reda was buried at this mosque. Must visit place in Cairo
Doaa Mohamed Amazing architecture and nice place to know more about Islamic history and art
Pong Lenis This Mosque was very beautiful, very historical and interesting. The architecture is stunning, it’s one of the older Mosque’s in Cairo. It’s very well preserved and maintained, I really enjoyed my time here, I went with a tour guide which makes a big difference when experiencing these holy sites. It gives you a much better understanding of its heritage. I would definitely recommend visiting this beautiful place.