普马林道格拉斯汤普金斯国家公园 - 景点攻略
Pumalín Douglas Tompkins National Park
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普马林道格拉斯汤普金斯国家公园:智利巴塔哥尼亚的私人捐赠荒野
普马林道格拉斯汤普金斯国家公园占地402392公顷,是南美洲最具野心的私人保育项目。1991年,北面创始人道格拉斯·汤普金斯买下17万公顷牧场,最终将29.3万公顷土地捐给智利,2018年正式成为国家公园。从查询滕向北开车不到一小时,就能看到挂着冰川的火山和千年落叶松林。
从牧场到国家公园:一片雨林的抢救史
缘起:一个美国企业家买下了智利雨林
1991年,道格·汤普金斯在帕莱纳省买下雷尼韦牧场,面积17000公顷。他本意是建一个私人自然保护区,但周边伐木压力越来越大。此后二十多年,基金会在智利南部持续购地,普马林面积一度达到293000公顷,成为全球最大的私人自然保护区。2005年,它被智利政府宣布为自然圣殿;2018年2月28日,通过第28号法令正式转为国家公园,并加上汤普金斯的名字。如今公园由智利国家林业局管理,入园免费,但露营收6000比索。
自然构成:峡湾、火山与千年落叶松
公园位于洛斯拉戈斯区,横跨科查莫、瓦拉伊韦、查伊滕和帕莱纳四个市镇。从太平洋海岸线到安第斯山,海拔从海平面升到2460米的米钦马维达火山。这里保护着瓦尔迪维亚温带雨林,是全球现存最珍贵的非热带雨林之一。最稀有的物种是智利落叶松,寿命可达3000年,是加州巨杉的近亲。全球现存的落叶松有25%在普马林境内。园内还有两座火山:米钦马维达海拔2460米,山顶终年积雪;查伊滕火山2008年喷发,火山口至今冒着蒸汽,徒步40分钟能走到边缘。
气候与最佳季节
这里是智利最潮湿的地区之一,年降水量超过3000毫米。最佳游览时间是12月到次年3月,南半球夏季,气温10到20摄氏度,步道状况最好。6月到8月冬季,部分路段积雪封闭,轮渡也可能停航。我不建议在冬季硬闯。
怎么去、怎么玩、怎么住
交通:轮渡、小飞机与碎石路
从圣地亚哥飞蒙特港约2小时,每天有LATAM和Sky航空的航班。从蒙特港出发有两条路:一是走比莫达尔路线,先坐轮渡到卡尔埃塔拉雷纳,再换乘到卡尔埃塔贡萨洛,全程约5小时;二是飞小飞机到查伊滕,航程40分钟,机票约8万比索。自驾的话,从蒙特港到公园北门约225公里,碎石路多,租车选SUV。
徒步路线:三条步道,三种风景
公园有11条正式步道,北区8条、南区3条。最推荐的是隐藏瀑布步道,全长1.5公里木栈道,穿过长满蕨类和苔藓的雨林,尽头是几道藏在桥后的瀑布。悬挂冰川步道往返4公里,爬升250米,观景台正对文蒂斯克罗悬冰川,晴天时冰体发蓝光。火山口步道从查伊滕出发,往返约6小时,登顶能看到仍在冒烟的熔岩穹丘。如果时间紧,走前两条就够了,半天到一天。
住宿与露营:先到先得,带现金
公园内7个露营地分布南北,北区有里奥卡拉塔贡萨洛、隐藏瀑布、黑湖、白湖和火山营地。南区有格兰德营地和文蒂斯克罗营地。全部先到先得,不接受预约。过夜每人6000比索,只收现金。条件简单,有厕所和带顶棚的野餐桌,部分有冷水淋浴。想舒服点,卡尔埃塔贡萨洛有旅馆,提供床位和餐食,双人间约8万比索。
游览规则与注意事项
登记与开放时间
入园免费,但必须先在管理办公室登记。南区的阿马里洛办公室每天8:30到13:00、14:00到17:30办公,步道最晚14:00进。北区在卡尔埃塔贡萨洛登记。园内没有加油站,进园前在查伊滕或奥诺皮伦加满油。
天气与装备
雨说下就下,防水外套和登山鞋是必需品,别穿越野跑鞋。步道多为木栈道和土路,雨后湿滑。防蚊液要带,南美杉林里蚊虫不少。公园禁止无人机和明火,垃圾全部带走。
常见问题
公园需要门票吗?
入园免费,步道也不收费。只有露营过夜每人6000智利比索,且只收现金。登记时管理人员会确认你走的步道是否开放。
从查伊滕到公园南门怎么走?
查伊滕到阿马里洛约28公里,沿7号公路南行,铺装路面,开车30分钟。阿马里洛是南区入口,有管理办公室和加油站。
一天能玩完吗?
走两条短步道可以,比如隐藏瀑布加悬挂冰川,总共约4到5小时。但公园跨度大,想走火山口步道或深入落叶松林,至少住一晚。
公园里有信号吗?
大部分区域没有手机信号。卡尔埃塔贡萨洛旅馆有微弱Wi-Fi。进园前下载离线地图,告知住宿方你的行程。
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普马林道格拉斯汤普金斯国家公园 |用户评价

The registry office is in the building above the car park, not the little hut. Entry to the park is free, and the staff kindly let us refill our water bottles and use the toilets. Only the Mirador and Bosque trails were open during our visit. We hiked around 14 km in total. Both the Camping Grande and Camping Ventisquero areas were closed, and the trail to Ventisquero was also closed, so we couldn’t reach the glacier. Despite this, the views from the mirador were beautiful and well worth the hike.

Such a breathtaking place! First of all the park is HUGE. You could potentially do day hikes like the Waterfalls or the Chaiten Volcano one from Chaiten if you take the 9:30am bus, however getting a cabin or camping inside the park will make the experience infinitely better. Definitely need a car to move from one trail to other because the distances are big, hitchhiking is possible.

Unfortunately we didn't have that much time to do a bigger hike so we only did a shorter one but loved it. No price to enter. You have to go to the administration office first and register and then drive with your car further down the park where there are more parking spots.

Park entrance from El Amarillo seems to be my favorite. The walk to Ventisquero is much more difficult than the hike out to the glacier. Signage throughout all park sections is inadequate. For example, where was the trail end toward the glacier on the Volcano Michimahuida hike? Did the trail end at the glacier? I hope not because attempting to reach the glacier can be treacherous especially when crossing Amarillo River currents. When returning from the glacier back to Camping Ventisquero, it is advisable to remain on the left side of the glacial runoff, otherwise hikers will not be able to wade safely further downstream before reaching Camping Ventisquero. The hike between Camping Ventisquero and the glacier is flat, hardly any change in elevation, whereas Sendero Mirador is more challenging but much shorter. The Sendero Ranita de Darwin is a very short walk, which starts out mildly, and then poses some degree of difficulty. Anyone with apiphobia might consider avoiding Ranita de Darwin because bumblebees have burrowed heavily into the second half of the trail and the wall bordering the path. They are buzzing everywhere currently. Park employees in both park sections are very friendly and enthusiastic about what they are doing.

One of the greatest national parks which I visited. A large number of routes of varying complexity, here you can see mountain lakes, waterfalls, glaciers, volcanoes, millennial trees. Very green park!! With pleasure passed 6 routes. Well maintained place. All campings are new and very clean
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