埃尔雷伊国家公园 - 景点攻略
El Rey National Park
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埃尔雷伊国家公园:萨尔塔的云雾森林秘境
埃尔雷伊国家公园(Parque Nacional El Rey)位于阿根廷萨尔塔省东部,距萨尔塔市约197公里,占地44162公顷,是阿根廷游客最少的国家公园之一。公园免费进入,但每年12月至3月雨季期间,20号省道会被雨水冲毁,车辆无法通行。
这片保护区保存着该国最完整的云加斯云雾森林(Yungas)之一,从海拔700米一直爬升到2300米。山谷呈马蹄形,像一座天然圆形剧场,把查科干林、云雾森林和高山森林三层植被叠在一起。走一条步道,就能看完三种完全不同的林子。
为什么值得绕远路来
三层森林叠在一面山坡上
从公园入口往里走,最先遇到的是查科干林。金合欢、矮灌木和仙人掌混在一起,地面干燥,尘土飞扬。海拔升到800米左右,雾开始出现,植被突然变密,兰花附在树干上,树冠把阳光挡得严严实实。继续爬到1400米以上,冷杉和桤木接替了低海拔树种,空气变凉,脚下是厚厚的落叶层。
这种垂直分布在南美西北部并不罕见,但埃尔雷伊的好处是压缩得紧。你不用开几百公里,在一条步道上就能把三种植被带串起来。
动物不容易看见,但痕迹到处都是
公园里记录有超过300种鸟类,包括鹰雕和王鹫。哺乳动物名单里有貘、美洲豹、美洲狮和西貒。说真的,白天徒步时看见大型哺乳动物的概率不高。但貘的足迹在泥地上很常见,像小型推土机碾过的痕迹。清晨和傍晚在 Laguna Los Patitos 附近蹲守,水鸟最容易拍到:巴西鸭、灰头小䴙䴘、红额骨顶鸡。
怎么去,路况到底怎么样
从萨尔塔出发的自驾路线
从萨尔塔市出发,走9号国道向东到 Lumbreras 镇,大约100公里。然后转5号省道,再接入20号省道,最后一段是碎石路,要过几条浅河床,总共约197公里。从图库曼方向来的话是387公里,同样走9号国道。
最后45公里左右没有铺装路面。旱季河水低,普通轿车小心开也能过,但底盘低的车辆容易托底。租一辆高底盘皮卡或四驱车更稳妥。不夸张地说,这段路是整趟行程里最需要认真准备的部分。
公共交通只能到镇,剩下靠包车
从萨尔塔有长途巴士到 Lumbreras,但巴士不会开进公园。到了 Lumbreras 之后需要包出租车或提前联系好接送。Paso de la Cruz 是巴士能到达的最后一个点,距离公园入口还有48公里。
一个更省心的选择是从萨尔塔参加4x4一日游,含酒店接送和公园门票,早上8点出发,全程约10小时。适合不想自己操心路况的人。
进园之后怎么玩
步道和主要景点
公园的游客中心在入口内11公里处,旁边就是免费露营地,有烧烤架、饮用水、卫生间和电灯。从营地出发,Laguna Los Patitos 步道来回约2公里,适合观水鸟。再往深处走,Pozo Verde 是一片苔藓覆盖的绿色水潭,往返需要3到4小时,路况中等。
其他值得走的点位包括 Chorro de los Loros 瀑布、Santa Elena 草场和 Los Lobitos 瀑布。Popayán 河沿岸可以看鱼,河里有多拉多鱼和鲶鱼。公园里还有原住民农民留下的陶瓷碎片和石斧,在游客中心能看到部分展品。
时间安排和露营
走完主要步道至少需要一整天。想拍清晨的鸟和雾,最好在营地住一晚。露营地免费,但数量有限,旺季周末最好早点到。公园开放时间通常是上午8点到下午6点,入园需要在护林员站登记。
什么时候去,穿什么带什么
旱季是唯一靠谱的窗口
理想时间是4月到11月的旱季。5月到9月最干,气温在5°C到22°C之间,徒步最舒服。10月和11月干燥程度稍降,但野花和候鸟开始出现,观鸟体验好。
12月到3月是雨季,20号省道经常被冲断,公园可能连续几天无法进入。这段时间湿度大、蚊虫多,虽然森林最绿,但交通风险太高。
防蜱虫比防蚊更重要
公园官方特别提醒有蜱虫存在。穿长裤、把裤脚塞进袜子里,别穿凉鞋进林子。驱虫剂要带含避蚊胺的。蜱虫叮咬可能传播疾病,走完步道后检查一下腿部和腰部。
昼夜温差大,清晨六点半出发时冷到需要抱热水杯,中午又晒得想找树荫。带一件抓绒衣和防晒帽,两样都用得上。
周边怎么组合
从萨尔塔出发走9号国道往东,可以顺路在 Las Lajitas 住一晚。那里有加油站和像样的旅馆,从镇上到公园入口约2小时车程。把加油这件事在 Las Lajitas 解决掉,公园附近没有加油站。
如果时间充裕,可以把埃尔雷伊和萨尔塔市区的云加斯一日游分开安排。前者是深入森林的徒步体验,后者更偏观光公路。两者不冲突,但别安排在同一天。
常见问题
埃尔雷伊国家公园需要门票吗?
不需要,入园免费。但必须在护林员站登记,相当于报个到。露营也免费,营地有烧烤架、水和卫生间,但没有淋浴热水。
不开四驱车能进公园吗?
旱季(4月到11月)普通轿车小心驾驶可以到达,但要过几条浅河床,底盘低的车容易刮底。租高底盘车辆更保险。雨季不建议自驾进入,20号省道可能无法通行。
从萨尔塔当天往返来得及吗?
可以,但很赶。单程约197公里,最后45公里是碎石路,总车程接近4小时。参加4x4一日游是更现实的选择,早上8点出发,晚上回到萨尔塔。想走长步道看动物,最好在公园营地住一晚。
公园里能看到貘或美洲豹吗?
概率不高。貘的足迹在泥路上很常见,但动物本身警觉,白天难见。美洲豹更是稀有。观鸟更容易有收获,超过300种鸟类,清晨在 Laguna Los Patitos 附近水鸟密集。
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Must do for the off the beaten track campers

This is my third time visiting El Rey, after 20 years, and I found everything just as it was twenty years ago, which, considering it's an ecosystem conservation area, couldn't make me happier. Keep in mind that it's a 100% natural place. Charging cell phones will be difficult, you'll need solar lights, internet access will be limited, there are insects, and you'll be living outdoors with the bare essentials. If that doesn't appeal to you, then stay away. However, if you go well-prepared and ready to enjoy the flora and fauna, it's the ideal place for nature and adventure lovers.

No words for natural beauty and no comment beautiful

1. It is not that difficult to access as Lonely Planet suggests. If you stay in Las Lajitas (comfortable accomodations there available starting from Hotel Las Lajitas) you can fill up your tank and reach the park within 2 hours. 2. 4WD camioneta is highly recommended though it might be reachable by a regular car in a dry season (a couple of streams to be crossed on the way) 3. There is a park administrative centre a few kilometers after passing the park entrance. There is a free WiFi there (password is on the wall) and toilets. The weird thing was that the offices were open but no rangers were present at all (checked twice over 2 hours) 4. In a dry season do not waste your time heading to Cascada de Los Lobitos. There is hardly any water there. 5. The most interesting option was to turn left on the way to Cascada de Los Lobitos towards the beginning of Pozo Verde and Chorro de Los Loros tracks (see the maps - the latter trail seems to be more interesting). There is a small parking lot there but you _really_ need 4x4 car to reach this place (or if you stay there you can walk up there). If you are in hurry and have a regular car just stop earlier, walk and watch the birds or maybe even some deer. 6. There is a long Seccional Popayan route accessible by car which we did not try due to the lack of time and the warning that you need consult the rangers at the centre (who were non-existent). 7. Finally the ticks (garrapatas). First notice: it is said that they do not carry the diseases which is good. Then they climb from the ground rather than jumping from the trees like in Europe. Repellent do not seem to protect enough - wear long trousers and the way back back from the park stop somewhere, get undressed and check every inch of your body and clothes. It was pretty effective but the last smart hidden survivor was caught during the shower a few days later. 8. There is Pacha K'Anchay ecoside on the way to the park but the contact phone is to someone away who can only explain that the people on site do not know about the accomodation request unless you make it in advance. From the road it looks tidy but closed. 9. In a summary: unforgettable experience and we felt like having the whole park for ourselves (ok, sat phone loaned and a proper 4WD made we felt safer).

Great visit! Stay at Pacha K’Anchay on the way there, you won’t regret it! The parc is nice and everyone is very helpful. :)
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