基米维尔辛卡尔遗址 - 景点攻略
El Shincal de Quimivil
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基米维尔辛卡尔遗址：阿根廷的印加古城
从卡塔马卡省省会圣费尔南多出发，沿40号国道向西北行驶约280公里，就能抵达伦敦镇附近的基米维尔辛卡尔遗址。这片约30公顷的石砌建筑群海拔1350米，是印加帝国最南端的行政中心，1997年被列为国家历史遗迹。
为什么值得专程跑一趟
阿根廷西北部藏着不少前哥伦布时期的遗址，但辛卡尔的完整度很少见。它不像佩鲁的马丘比丘那样悬在云雾里，而是铺展在贝伦山脉和萨帕塔山脉之间的谷地上，走起来不费劲，视野也开阔。
一座按库斯科样式规划的城市
考古研究把辛卡尔的建造和居住时间定在1457年至1536年之间，印加人在此之前卡爾查基人活动的土地上建起了这座区域首府。城市布局照搬库斯科的样式：中央是围合的大广场，广场中央立着仪式平台，四周排列着长条形建筑和石砌居民区。整个遗址有超过110座石质建筑，分布在30公顷范围内。
双丘与仪式空间
广场两侧各有一座小山丘，印加人把它们改造成了仪式场所。登上其中一座，能看清整个城市的中轴线，也能理解为什么选在这里建城：四面群山对应四个方位，谷地平坦，水源充足。每年南半球冬至前后，当地会在这片广场上重现印加太阳祭，参与人数一度超过一万五千人。
博物馆与无障碍设施
入口处的解说中心规模不大，但把遗址的发掘过程和印加文化背景交代得清楚。参观前先看一圈，再进遗址会更有方向感。通道铺设过，轮椅可以进入主要区域，入口前有洗手间和售卖简单饮料食物的小摊。
怎么去、什么时候去
从卡塔马卡或图库曼出发
自驾是最省事的方式。从圣费尔南多德尔巴列到伦敦镇约278公里，走60号国道转40号国道，车程三个半小时上下。从图库曼出发可以走307号国道，距离相近。到了伦敦镇，遗址入口就在40号国道旁，有路标指引，从镇中心过去大约5公里。
没有车的话，可以从贝伦坐El Cóndor的班车到伦敦镇，再在镇上找出租车或包车去遗址。班次不多，出发前最好在贝伦的游客信息中心确认当天时刻。
最佳季节
四月到十一月是干季，天空晴朗，白天温暖，夜里凉。夏天（十二月至二月）是雨季，山路可能变得泥泞，气温能到三十多度。冬天（六月至八月）干燥少雨，但清晨很冷，偶尔有强降雪。春秋两季游客较少，住宿价格也低一些。
参观规则与时间安排
只能跟导览进入
遗址不开放自由参观。所有访客必须在入口处跟随导览员进入，导览全程用西班牙语讲解，大约持续一个半小时到两小时。博物馆可以自由参观，不收费用，洗手间也在那边。
导览班次与门票
目前每天有六个导览班次：上午8:00、9:30、11:00，下午16:00、17:30、18:30。名额有限，旺季建议提前通过官方社交媒体账号或电话确认。门票在入口处现金支付，外国访客的费用高于阿根廷本国游客，具体金额会随季节调整，出发前查一下卡塔马卡省旅游局的页面更稳妥。
穿着与体力
步道有缓坡和石阶，整体难度不高，老人和小孩都能走完。但谷地日照强，帽子、防晒霜和一瓶水是基本配置。鞋子选抓地力好的运动鞋或徒步鞋，凉鞋走石阶容易打滑。
周边怎么串
伦敦镇本身值得停一两个小时。它是阿根廷第二古老的城市，镇上的民间博物馆和圣母无原罪教堂都挂着国家历史遗迹的牌子。从伦敦镇继续沿40号国道向北，可以接上贝伦山脉一线的织机之路，沿途有小型考古点和温泉。要是时间充裕，把辛卡尔和这些点串成一天半到两天的环线，比当天往返省会轻松得多。
常见问题
参观需要提前预约吗？
不强制预约，但导览班次有名额限制，旺季（四月至十一月）上午的班次容易满。建议提前一天通过遗址的官方社交媒体账号或电话确认班次余位。散客直接到入口等下一班通常也能进，只是可能要等半小时以上。
没有车怎么从伦敦镇到遗址？
伦敦镇到遗址约5公里，镇上有出租车可以包往返，价格事先谈好。也可以问住宿的地方有没有合作的车。从贝伦过来的班车停在伦敦镇中心，下车后再找车过去，全程加上导览大约需要三到四小时。
遗址内可以自由走动吗？
不可以。所有访客必须跟随导览员沿指定路线行走，不能脱离队伍进入石砌建筑内部或攀爬墙体。这是为了保护遗迹，也是国家历史遗迹的管理规定。博物馆和入口区域可以自由活动。
一天里什么时段参观最舒服？
上午8:00或9:30的班次最合适。光线斜射，拍照好看，气温也没上来。下午的班次里，17:30之后太阳偏西，谷地开始凉快，走起来也舒服。正午前后日照最烈，尽量避开。
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基米维尔辛卡尔遗址 |用户评价
El Shincal is a very beautiful, interesting, well-developed archaeological and historical attraction. The guided tour was rich in information about the history of the settlement and the fauna and flora, and the museum is well equipped. One downside: tours are only available in Spanish, so anyone who doesn't speak Spanish fluently will only understand a fraction of what is said. If El Shincal is truly one of the most important Inca archaeological sites in Argentina and a national monument, the government should be able to spare a few dollars to at least provide an English-language tour.
A great historical site. The pathway leads to the top of Moon Hill 🌕 where you look across what was the main section of this ancient city to see the Stairway to the Sun 🌞. I liked learning about the rock piles which guide the path. Each visitor can add one rock 🪨 and ask permission to enter the area. It was well maintained with no trash on the grounds. I would say this is not a handicapped experience as the end of the path has several dirt carved steps up to the top. There was an interesting children's area that I noticed on our way out, but I didn't get any photos. Definitely a good family activity, though hopefully everyone will keep their children on the path. Nearby is the town of Landres (London in English) which also has interesting history, and a short drive up historic route 40 is the town of Belen where they have a beautiful Virgin of the Valley monument. Enjoy your visit! #journeyingjamie #jamieinternationallyknown #jamieinargentina #shelivesontheroad #shesharestheroad #theroadholdssurprises #thingslookdifferentouthere
The El Shincal de Quimivil archaeological site is both a spectacular piece of history and a beautiful landscape to visit! The guided tour, although only in Spanish, was exceptionally detailed and informative. I joined a very large group and the guide did a great job of ensuring that everyone got the message! The museum was small but fascinating and a great supplement to the tour. There is also plenty of information available online if you want to know more about the site. To access the site if you don't have a car or aren't going as part of a tour, there is a bus with a company called El Condor leaving from and returning to the bus terminal in Belen, passing through Londres each way (I'll include a photo of the current timetable, but you can ask for the latest times at the information centre on the plaza in Belen). If you're in the area, I strongly recommend a visit to this impressive piece of history!
You can go by bus, but because the schedules are funny you many need to book a taxi from Bus Terminal to get you there, ask the driver wait for two hours and then take you back - it's not expensive, no need to do that through an agency. You need to enter with a guide, so check tour hours with Tourist information Whatsup. Use Google translate to get info in your language. The tour guide is in Spanish only, by the way
It was a rainy morning and the museum never opened which was disappointing. But I wandered the site and i enjoyed it but I'm an archaeologist, it might not have been so interesting without the background information from the museum.
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